Scales are tone groups or sets. They are typically used for training and learning what tones work together for any given situation. The tones in scales can be derived in a number of ways; the most common method or starting point is the creation of the Major scale [see this theory lesson].
The term scale generally relates to playing a series of single pitches in alphabetical order, ascending and descending. They can be played in different alpha orders and can still be called scales.
Beginner Patterns ◊ C, G, D, A, E, F, and B-Flat Go
7 Major Scale Patterns ◊ Big Picture. Go
5 Pentatonic Frames ◊ Another big picture Go
E minor Types ◊ Pentatonic, Blues, Cascades. Go
Chord/Scale Linking ◊ Em/G Pentatonic. Go
Blues Scales ◊ Big map and noation/tab in all keys. Go